PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.